[Paul Payne is the New Canaan fire marshal.]
Lithium-ion batteries have provided us an alternative energy solution for 50 years.
Fire Marshal Paul Payne. Credit: Michael Dinan
They are used to power cell phones, laptops, power tool, personal mobility (bikes, wheelchairs, scooters), uninterrupted power supplies, and electric vehicles. As long as these batteries are treated properly, they will continue to provide a convenient energy source.
The problems with the batteries occur when they fail. The battery goes into the state of thermal runaway. Thermal runaway is an uncontrollable self-heating of the battery cells. The process creates high temperatures, releases flammable/toxic gases, and potentially causes explosions of the cells. This phenomenon can ignite nearby combustibles, ultimately causing a larger fire in one’s home or place of business.
(Note: The New Canaan Fire Department is presenting a free talk with breakfast served, “Lithium-Ion Batteries: Safety and Storage,” from 10 to 11 a.m. on Wednesday, July 17. Details here.)
The causes of battery failure are mechanical, thermal, or electrical abuse. Mechanical damage can occur from dropping or puncturing the batteries. Thermal damage can occur if the battery is exposed to extreme hot or cold temperatures. Electrical abuse occurs when a non-compatible charger is used or the battery is overcharged.
Some early symptoms of battery failure are a change in the efficiency of the battery or the battery becomes very hot during charging. The device will take more time to charge, may not even get to a full charge, or will not be operating as long. The device will be hot to the touch, especially towards the end of the charging cycle. Once the batteries are no longer viable dispose of them properly. The Town of New Canaan accepts lithium ion batteries, they should be put in the electronics section. Do not put the batteries in the trash or general recycling and do not pile them on top of each other.
Tips for to prevent fires
- Always follow manufacturer’s instructions for proper use
- Only use the battery and charging cord that is designed for the device you are using
- Keep combustibles away from charging or fully charged batteries. (they need to
dissipate heat) - Remove batteries from the charger when fully charged
- Store batteries in a cool, dry place. Do not allow batteries to freely roll around in the “junk draw” where they can contact metal items and short out.
- Inspect batteries for cracks, bulging, hissing noises, or odors.
- Do not charge a device under your pillow, on your bed or on a couch.
- Charge your e-bike in a flat, dry area away from children, direct sunlight, liquids and tripping hazards. Make sure the bike is not at risk of falling over when charging